Austráli ako posledný svetadiel objavili holandskí moreplavci pred tromi storočiami, stala sa však britskou dŕžavou. Kolonistov prekvapovali živočíchy, aké predtým nepoznali: kengury, koaly, rajky a lýrochvosty, čierne labute atď. V roku 1792 našli na brehoch rieky v mieste dnešného Sydney živočícha podobného veľkému krtovi, ale s kačacím zobákom a plutvovitými končatinami. Kožu tohto nezvyčajného tvora poslali do Anglicka. Učenci, ktorí ju dostali na preskúmanie sa domnievali, že ide o nevhodný žart, šikovne poskladaná montáž, monštrum z tiel rôznych zvierat. Keď však obdržali ďalšie, už nakonzervované telá tohto štvornožca uverili, že skutočne je to živočíšny druh, ktorý spája znaky cicavcov aj vtákov, preto ho pomenovali vedeckým latinským názvom Ornithorhynchus, čo značí vtákopysk. Nevedeli si však poradiť so systematickou príslušnosťou vtákopyska, lebo má nielen vtáčí zobák, ale aj kloaku, t.j. spoločný vývod čreva, močovodu a pohlavných ústrojov ako vták; lenže má aj štyri nohy a srsť ako cicavec, zato mu chýbajú mliečne žľazy, ktoré sú pre cicavce typické. Nepoznali ani spôsob jeho rozmnožovania. Preto ho niektorí učenci považovali za vývojový prechod medzi vtákmi a cicavcami. Tento názor posilnil objav istého anglického zoológa, že vtákopysk znáša vajcia. Nejasnosti o systematickom postavení vtákopyska rozriešil v roku 1899 neodborník, český prisťahovalec Alois Topič. Pozoroval mláďa vtákopyska ako pije mlieko, ktoré sa roní na bruchu jeho matky. Tým bolo jednoznačne dokázané, že ide o cicavca, výnimočného tým, že nie je živorodý, ale liahne sa z vajca. Neskôr paleontologické nálezy dokumentovali, že vtákopysky žili už v starších treťohorách pred asi 180 miliónmi rokov a predstavujú osobitnú slepú líniu evolúcie.
Vtákopysk je veľký ako králi, váži 1,5 až 2 kg a dorastá dĺžku 40 cm. Srsť má hnedastú, jemnú, hustú a nezmáčanlivú. Jeho plochý zobák tvoria zrohovatené, bezzubé čeľuste. Podobne ako kačice čvachtá zobákom potravu z vodného dna. Oči a ušnice má drobné, oboje pri ponáraní uzatvára. Pod vodou sa orientuje elektroreceptorom umiestneným na povrchu zobáku, vydáva z neho elektrické signály pomocou ktorý nachádza svoju korisť - drobné živočíchy v bahne. Nohy má krátke, zato s dlhými prstami vyzbrojenými silnými pazúrmi a spojenými plávacou blanou presahujúcou prsty. Samce majú nad členkami zadných končatín dutý jedový tŕň, ostrohu. Tento výnimočný telový útvar majú aj ježury, ktoré sú takisto vajcorodé. Kopnutie ostrohou usmrtí dinga, ktorý je jediným prirodzeným nepriateľom vtákopyska. Chvost vtákopyska je plochý a pomerne krátky, podobný ako pri bobroch.
Vtákopysk žije v párikoch na nerušených miestach pri tokoch i jazerách. Napredujúca civilizácia ho vytláča z jeho sídel a druh je dnes ohrozený. Párik obýva spoločnú noru v brehu, jej vchod vyúsťuje pod vodnou hladinou podobne ako pri ondatrách. Chodba novy stúpa hore a je až 30 metrov dlhá, len tak široká, že sa ňou obyvateľ sotva pretiahne, pri návrate z lovu si pri pretláčaní úzkou chodbou vyžmýka kožuch. Chodbu zakončuje suchá hniezdna komôrka. V septembri samička nakladie dve až tri guľaté kožovité vajíčka, asi dva týždne ich zohrieva, potom sa vyliahnu mláďatá iba 13 mm dlhé. Samica nemá mliečne bradavky iba dve mliečne políčka na bruchu, z ktorých vyteká mlieko. Mláďatá mlieko necicajú, ale olizujú. Oči sa im otvárajú až ako trojmesačným, krátko potom prvýkrát pod dohľadom matky opúšťajú hniezdo. Apetít vtákopyska je pozoruhodný, denne spotrebuje toľko potravy, ako je polovica jeho váhy. Pre pažravosť a potravnú náročnosť je veľmi obtiažny chov vtákopyska v zajatí, na svete sa podaril len v niekoľkých najvýznamnejších zoologických záhradách v Austrálii a v USA.
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